Community radio is a type of radio service that caters to the interests of a
certain area, broadcasting content that is popular to a local audience but which
may often be overlooked by commercial or mass-media broadcasters. (UNESCO
2002), can reach a large number of poor people because it is affordable and uses little
electricity which is low supply in many countries and barely affordable for many
poor. It gives a voice to the community they serve with programmes in
local languages, respecting local culture, traditions and interests. And it
facilitates dialogue within the community; while on a national level it
encourages diversity, creativity and citizens’ participation in democratic
processes. Community Radio provides a counterbalance to the increasing globalization and commercialization of media as most TV and radio stations, including public
stations, are concentrated in urban areas.
In the more remote, rural areas, Community Radio stations are often the only media available,
where they are listened to by large parts of the population. Community Radio
stations fill the gap left by national and commercial media, and reach local
audiences the national media ignore. They fulfill the role of public
broadcaster, informing the public at a local level, and representing their
views. In this way, they give a voice to the voiceless, enabling people to speak
and make their opinions, grievances and ideas known to those who have the power
to make decisions.Community radio is confined to a small geographical area. It depends on low
power transmission covering not more than 20-30 km. radius. It serves a
community which uses common resources for livelihood, has common development
issues and concerns, which are relatively localized, nevertheless connected to
national and regional development goals.
Community radio is a vibrant community broadcasting system to enhance
pluralism and diversity. It is a truly people’s radio that perceives listeners
not only as receivers and consumers, but also as active citizens and creative
producers of media content. This form of radio is fully consistent with the
letter and spirit of the Milan Declaration on Communications media have a
responsibility to help sustain the diversity of the World’s cultures and
languages and that they should be supported through legislative, administrative
and financial measures. Community radio is distinguished by three essential
principles. Non profit making, community ownership and management and community
participation.
Community radio is also characteristics by its limited local
reach, low power transmission and programming content that reflects the
educational developmental and socio-cultural needs of the specific community it
serves. For the purpose of community radio, a community is defined as a
non-sectarian group of individuals who are traditionally bound and share a
common socio-economic and cultural interest.
Agriculture being one of the major activity in rural areas, has always been a highly knowledge-intensive sector requiring
continuous information flow. Farmers’ quest for authentic, credible and usable
information both from established systems and traditional practices is ever
increasing in this fluctuating global environment, to operate efficiently and
compete economically. The rapid changes happening around with WTO/globalization,
uncontrolled urbanization, uncertainty in climate change, discerning consumer
segment and continued farm crisis emphasize the importance of timely,
appropriate and need based information and knowledge to meet myriad
developmental challenges.
Effective extension, education and communication services are probably some
of the key strategies for sustaining agricultural growth, strengthening food
security and combating hunger and malnutrition. However, diverse socio-cultural
backgrounds, linguistic barriers, geographical remoteness and differential
incentives make the task of information dissemination challenging. Agricultural extension is the vehicle or system for delivering useful
information to farmers and assisting those farmers to develop requisite
knowledge, skills and attitudes to make use of this information or technology
effectively. In recent times advances in Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) are revolutionizing agriculture extension by offering
various technological options such as television, internet, mobile, telephone etc.
Among the three main categories of mass communication tools for agricultural
extension such as radio, television and print media, the importance of radio for
agricultural extension cannot be denied. Radio is a powerful communication tool; this form of participatory communication has proved to be very successful as a
tool for social and economic development at grass root level. The local
community needs which are often neglected by the mainstream media could be
adequately addressed by community radio, even farmer to farmer extension can be
easily made possible through adequate capacity building.
Experience with community radio has shown the potential for agricultural extension to benefit
from both the reach and the relevance that local broadcasting can achieve
through participatory communication approaches. Extension workers use radio for
communicating information on new methods & techniques, giving timely
information about the control of crop pests & diseases, weather, market
news, etc. For this purpose, talks, group discussions, folksongs, dialogues
& dramas are usually organised.
Radio initiatives as part of broader communication for development strategies
have been used by various international agencies like UNESCO, UNICEF and FAO of
the United Nations since 1960’s. The FAO developed the Strategic Extension
Campaign (SEC) methodology in many countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America
in order to support the local extension workers.
- Special thanks to Arpita Sharma
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